Rayuwar kimiyya: muhallin muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam

Lalacewar muhalli ta hanyar abubuwan halitta na iya haifar da babbar illa ga rayuka da dukiyoyin bil'adama, har ma da barkewar cututtuka. Duk da haka, lalata yanayin muhalli ta hanyar al'amuran halitta sau da yawa yana da halayen yanki na fili, kuma yawan abin da ya faru yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Abubuwan ɗan adam kamar gurɓataccen muhalli suna lalata yanayin ɗan adam sosai. Yana iya haifar da ma'auni daban-daban na m da na yau da kullum mai guba abubuwan, ƙara yawan ciwon daji a cikin yawan jama'a, har ma da tasiri mai tsanani ga ci gaba da lafiyar al'ummomi masu zuwa. Gurbacewar muhalli ba ta da iyakoki na ƙasa don lalata yanayin. Ba wai kawai yana shafar ƙasarta ba, har ma yana iya yin tasiri ga yanayin muhallin duniya.

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1. Batutuwa masu zafi akan gurbatar muhalli

(1) Gurbacewar iska

1. dumamar yanayi da lafiyar dan Adam

Dumamar yanayi ta kara yawaitar wasu cututtuka da ke yaduwa ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta da kuma kamuwa da su a wurare masu zafi, kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, zazzabin dengue, ruwan sama mai zafi, ruwan sama mai zafi, vermicelli, japan encephalitis, kyanda, da dai sauransu. An tsawaita lokacin annobar, da yankin da ake fama da cutar. ya koma yankunan sanyi. Tsawaita

2. Ozone Layer lalata da lafiyar ɗan adam

Matsayin Layer na ozone: kwayoyin oxygen suna haskakawa ta hanyar hasken rana mai karfi, musamman hasken ultraviolet na gajeren lokaci don samar da ozone. Akasin haka, ozone na iya ɗaukar haskoki na ultraviolet tare da tsawon ƙasa da nanometers 340, kuma ya lalata ozone zuwa ƙwayoyin oxygen da kwayoyin oxygen, ta yadda ozone a cikin Layer na ozone ya kasance yana kiyaye daidaito mai ƙarfi. Layer na ozone zai iya ɗaukar mafi yawan hasken ultraviolet na gajeren lokaci masu cutarwa daga hasken rana kuma yana shafar rayuwar ɗan adam da rayuwa. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, ga kowane kashi 1% na raguwar O3 a cikin Layer ozone, yawan kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin jama'a na iya karuwa da kashi 2% zuwa 3%, kuma masu cutar kansar fata suma zasu karu da kashi 2%. Ma'anar cututtuka na cututtukan numfashi da kumburin ido zai karu a cikin mutane a wuraren da ba su da kyau. Tunda tushen kayan DNA na kwayoyin halitta na dukkan kwayoyin halitta yana da saukin kamuwa da haskoki na ultraviolet, lalatar da ruwan lemun tsami zai yi matukar tasiri ga haifuwa da haifuwa na dabbobi da tsirrai.

3. Nitrogen oxide gurbataccen yanayi da lafiyar dan adam

Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide da sauran nitrogen oxides sune gurɓataccen iska na yau da kullun, wanda zai iya motsa sassan numfashi, haifar da guba mai tsanani da kuma na yau da kullun, kuma yana tasiri tare da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

4. Sulfur dioxide gurbatawa da lafiyar ɗan adam

Illar sulfur dioxide ga jikin mutum shine:

(1) Haushi da numfashi. Sulfur dioxide yana da sauƙin narkewa cikin ruwa. Lokacin da ya wuce ta cikin kogon hanci, trachea, da bronchi, yawanci ana shayar da shi kuma yana riƙe da membrane na ciki na lumen, yana juya zuwa sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid da sulfate, wanda ke haɓaka sakamako mai ban sha'awa.

(2) Haɗaɗɗen guba na sulfur dioxide da dakatarwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Sulfur dioxide da kuma dakatar da particulate kwayoyin shiga jikin mutum tare. Barbashi na Aerosol na iya ɗaukar sulfur dioxide zuwa zurfin huhu, yana ƙara yawan guba da sau 3-4. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka dakatar da su ya ƙunshi sassan ƙarfe irin su trioxide na baƙin ƙarfe, yana iya haifar da iskar oxygen da sulfur dioxide zuwa cikin hazo acid, wanda ke daɗaɗɗa a saman ɓangarorin kuma an canza shi zuwa zurfin sashin numfashi. Tasirin motsa jiki na sulfuric acid hazo yana da ƙarfi kusan sau 10 fiye da na sulfur dioxide.

(3) Tasirin inganta ciwon daji na sulfur dioxide. Gwaje-gwajen dabba sun nuna cewa 10 mg / m3 na sulfur dioxide na iya haɓaka tasirin carcinogenic na carcinogen benzo [a] pyrene (Benzo (a) pyrene; 3,4-Benzypyrene). Karkashin tasirin sulfur dioxide da benzo[a] pyrene, abin da ya faru na kansar huhun dabba ya fi na carcinogen guda daya. Bugu da kari, idan sulfur dioxide ya shiga cikin jikin dan adam, bitamin da ke cikin jini za a hade su da shi, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa na bitamin C a cikin jiki, wanda ya shafi metabolism. Sulfur dioxide kuma zai iya hanawa da lalata ko kunna ayyukan wasu enzymes, haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin metabolism na sukari da furotin, ta haka yana shafar girma da haɓakar jiki.

5. Gurbacewar Carbon monoxide da lafiyar dan Adam

Carbon monoxide da ke shiga jikin mutum da iska za a iya haɗa shi da haemoglobin (Hb) a cikin jini bayan ya shiga cikin jini ta alveoli. Dangantakar carbon monoxide da haemoglobin ya ninka sau 200-300 fiye da na oxygen da haemoglobin. Saboda haka, lokacin da carbon monoxide ya mamaye jiki, zai yi sauri ya haɗa carbonoxyhemoglobin (COHb) tare da haemoglobin, yana hana haɗuwa da oxygen da haemoglobin don samar da oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). ), haifar da hypoxia don haifar da guba na carbon monoxide. Lokacin shakar carbon monoxide tare da maida hankali na 0.5%, tsawon minti 20-30, mutumin da aka kashe zai sami raunin bugun jini, jinkirin numfashi, kuma a ƙarshe ya gaji har mutuwa. Irin wannan mummunar gubar carbon monoxide sau da yawa yana faruwa a haɗarin bita da dumama gida ba tare da gangan ba.

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2. Gurbacewar daki da lafiyar dan Adam

1. Gurɓatar abubuwa masu cutarwa da ke cikin kayan ado na gini: sabbin kayan gini na katako daban-daban kamar su katako, fenti, sutura, adhesives, da sauransu za su ci gaba da sakin formaldehyde. Formaldehyde wani guba ne na cytoplasmic, wanda za'a iya sha ta hanyar numfashi, fili na narkewa da fata. Yana da tasiri mai tasiri mai karfi akan fata, yana iya haifar da coagulation da necrosis na sunadaran nama, yana da tasiri mai hanawa akan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, kuma yana da ciwon huhu. Abubuwan kaushi iri-iri da adhesives da ake amfani da su wajen ado na iya haifar da gurɓata mahalli masu lalacewa kamar su benzene, toluene, xylene, da trichlorethylene.

2. Gurbacewar kicin: Lokacin dafa abinci da konewa, ana kona mai iri-iri a ƙarƙashin yanayin rashin isashshen iskar oxygen, kuma ana samar da adadi mai yawa na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A hankali hydrocarbons masu kamshi suna yin polymerize ko hawan keke a 400℃~800, da kuma samar da benzo[α] Pyrene mai ƙarfi cer carcinogen. A lokacin aikin dafa abinci, man girki yana rubewa a zazzabi mai zafi na 270, kuma hayakinsa ya ƙunshi polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons kamar benzo[αpyrene da benzanthracene. Man dafa abinci, tare da abinci irin su kifi da nama, na iya samar da sinadarin hydrocarbons a yanayin zafi. , Aldehydes, carboxylic acid, heterocyclic amines da fiye da 200 nau'i na abubuwa, kwayoyin cutar gubar su ne nisa mafi girma fiye da benzo.αpyrene.

3. Hydrogen sulfide da methyl mercaptan da ke fitowa daga bayan gida da magudanar ruwa na iya haifar da halayen guba na yau da kullun.

4. Gurbacewar kayan kwalliya, sinadarai na yau da kullun da kayayyakin sinadarai.

5. Gurbacewar “Electronic Hazo”: Na’urorin sanyaya iska, Talabijin kala-kala, kwamfutoci, firji, masu kwafi, wayoyin hannu, wayoyi-talkies da sauran kayayyakin lantarki suna samar da igiyoyin lantarki-”Hazo na lantarki” zuwa digiri daban-daban yayin amfani. “Hazo na lantarki” na iya haifar da ciwon kai, gajiya, jin tsoro, rashin natsuwa, kuma yana shafar ci gaban yara.

 


Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-15-2021