"Sharuɗɗan ingancin iska na duniya"

A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2021, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da "Jagorancin ingancin iska na duniya" (Jagorancin ingancin iska na duniya), wanda shine karo na farko tun 2005 don ƙarfafa ka'idojin ingancin iska, tare da fatan inganta ƙasashe don canzawa zuwa tsabta. makamashi. Hana mutuwa da cututtuka da gurbatar iska ke haifarwa.

A cewar rahoton, gurbacewar da sabbin jagororin suka yi niyya sun haɗa da ɓangarorin kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen dioxide, waɗanda dukkansu ana samun su a cikin hayakin mai kuma suna iya ceton “miliyoyin rayuka.”

Bisa alkalumman da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi, gurbacewar iska na janyo mutuwar mutane a kalla miliyan 7 a duk shekara. Darakta Janar na WHO Tan Desai ya bayyana a wani taron manema labarai cewa bincike ya nuna cewa ko da gurbacewar iska ta yi kadan, “kasar gurbacewar iska za ta shafi dukkan sassan jiki, tun daga kwakwalwa zuwa jariri mai tasowa a cikin uwa.”

Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta yi fatan wadannan gyare-gyaren za su karfafa kasashe mambobi 194 da su dauki matakin rage hayakin mai, wanda kuma na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi. A duniya baki daya, kasashe na fuskantar matsin lamba kan daukar kwakkwaran tsare-tsare na rage fitar da hayaki, gabanin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan yanayi a Glasgow, Scotland, a watan Nuwamba.

Masana kimiyya na maraba da sabbin jagororin, amma sun damu cewa, ganin cewa kasashe da yawa a duniya sun kasa cika tsofaffin ka'idoji masu tsauri, wasu kasashe za su fuskanci matsaloli wajen aiwatar da su.

Dangane da bayanan WHO, a cikin 2019, kashi 90% na mutanen duniya suna shakar iska wanda ake ganin ba shi da lafiya ta ka'idodin 2005. Wasu ƙasashe, irin su Indiya, har yanzu suna da ƙarancin ƙa'idodin ƙasa fiye da shawarar 2005.

Ma'auni na EU sun yi girma fiye da shawarwarin WHO na baya. Wasu ƙasashe sun gaza kiyaye matsakaicin matakan gurɓacewarsu na shekara-shekara a cikin iyakokin doka a cikin 2020, duk da rufe masana'antu da sufuri saboda sabon barkewar cutar.

Masana sun ce kokarin da ake na dakile gurbatar yanayi ta hanyar rage amfani da man fetur zai kawo fa'ida sau biyu, da inganta lafiyar al'umma da rage hayakin da ke taimakawa wajen dumamar yanayi.

"Su biyun suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud." Kurt Streff, tsohon masanin kimiyya a hukumar bincike kan cutar daji ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) kuma farfesa mai ziyara kuma darektan Cibiyar Kula da Gurbacewar Ruwa ta Duniya ta Kwalejin Boston, "ko da yake aiwatarwa yana da matukar wahala. Jima'i, amma wannan kuma dama ce ta rayuwa sau ɗaya a cikin tsarin murmurewa bayan sabuwar annobar kambi. "

Sabbin jagororin sun rage ma'aunin PM2.5 na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. PM2.5 yana nufin barbashi ƙasa da microns 2.5, wanda bai kai kashi ɗaya cikin uku na faɗin gashin ɗan adam ba. Yana da ƙananan isa ya shiga zurfin cikin huhu har ma ya shiga cikin jini. Dangane da sabon ƙayyadaddun, matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara na PM2.5 bai kamata ya zama sama da 5 micrograms/m3 ba.

Tsohuwar shawara ta iyakance matsakaicin matsakaici na shekara-shekara zuwa 10. Amma masana kimiyya sun ƙaddara cewa tsawon lokaci mai tsawo zuwa irin wannan ƙananan yanayi na iya haifar da cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, bugun jini da sauran mummunan tasirin lafiya.

Wadanda abin ya fi shafa dai su ne wadanda ke zaune a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaitan kudin shiga wadanda suka dogara da kona man fetur don samar da wutar lantarki.
Jonathan Grieg, wani likitan yara kuma mai bincike a Jami'ar Queen Mary ta London, ya ce: "Shaida a bayyane take cewa matalauta da mutanen da ba su da matsayi na zamantakewa za su sami ƙarin radiation saboda inda suke zaune." Ya ce gaba daya. A takaice dai, wadannan kungiyoyi suna fitar da gurbatacciyar iska, amma suna fuskantar karin sakamako.

Ya ce bin sabbin ka'idojin ba zai iya inganta lafiyar gaba daya kadai ba, har ma da rage rashin daidaiton lafiya.

A cikin sanarwar sabbin ka'idojin, WHO ta bayyana cewa "idan aka rage yawan gurbacewar iska a halin yanzu, kusan kashi 80% na mutuwar duniya da ke da alaka da PM2.5 za a iya kaucewa."
A farkon rabin shekarar bana, matsakaicin matakin PM2.5 a kasar Sin ya kai microgram 34 a kowace mita kubik, kuma adadin a birnin Beijing ya kai 41, daidai da na bara.

Aidan Farrow, masanin kimiyyar gurbacewar iska na kasa da kasa a jami'ar Greenpeace ta Exeter ta Burtaniya, ya ce: "Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne ko gwamnati na aiwatar da manufofi masu tasiri don rage gurbacewar iska, kamar dakatar da kwal, mai da iskar gas. Zuba jari, da kuma ba da fifiko ga canji zuwa makamashi mai tsabta."